{"id":3686,"date":"2025-08-11T11:53:34","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T11:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/?p=3686"},"modified":"2025-08-14T05:52:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T05:52:56","slug":"hoa-gio-dau-an-kien-truc-mien-nam-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/hoa-gio-dau-an-kien-truc-mien-nam-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"“Hoa gi\u00f3” D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hoa gi\u00f3 trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Di s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hoa gi\u00f3<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u2013 n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean thay v\u00ec kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng: t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n lam gi\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i mang s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

I. KH\u00cd H\u1eacU NHI\u1ec6T \u0110\u1edaI \u1ea8M V\u00c0 Y\u00caU C\u1ea6U \u0110\u1eb6C TH\u00d9 V\u1ec0 TH\u00d4NG GI\u00d3<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1.1 Mi\u1ec1n Nam \u2013 V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

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    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh quanh n\u0103m: 26\u201328\u00b0C<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trung b\u00ecnh: >75%<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    M\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u2013 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a T\u00e2y Nam \u2013 \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc xen k\u1ebd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (natural ventilation), gi\u1ea3m b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i \u1ea9m \u2013 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u201cIn tropical architecture, ventilation must be considered the first design tool, not the last-minute addition.\u201d
    \u2014 Victor Olgyay<\/em>, Design with Climate<\/em>, 1963<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    II. C\u1ea4U KI\u1ec6N LAM GI\u00d3 TRONG KI\u1ebeN TR\u00daC B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ecaA<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    2.1 Lam gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Lam gi\u00f3 (Ventilation louvers)<\/strong> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p:<\/p>\n

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      Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng<\/strong> t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean qua c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng xuy\u00ean qua<\/strong> nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/strong> kh\u1ecfi m\u01b0a gi\u00f3, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      T\u00f9y theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, lam gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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        G\u1ea1ch b\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 (breeze blocks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Lam tre\/g\u1ed7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Lam b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Lam nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh (aluminum sunshade louvers)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2.2 Lam gi\u00f3 trong nh\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Nam B\u1ed9<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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        • \n

          Nh\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1eddng Hu\u1ebf<\/strong>: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 lam g\u1ed7 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn gi\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n Nam B\u1ed9<\/strong>: s\u00e0n tho\u00e1ng n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00fap kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Nh\u00e0 v\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>: d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1t h\u01a1i cao, t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf (breathable walls).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udcda Ngu\u1ed3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/em><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u00e1i (2008), Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi<\/em>, NXB X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Lechner, Norbert (2015), Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects<\/em><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            III. VAI TR\u00d2 C\u1ee6A LAM GI\u00d3 TRONG H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG TH\u00d4NG GI\u00d3 TH\u1ee4 \u0110\u1ed8NG<\/strong><\/h2>\n

            3.1 Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i lam gi\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

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              \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u kh\u00ed (stack effect):<\/strong> Gi\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao qua khe c\u1eeda v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n cao<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 (cross ventilation):<\/strong> t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fat \u2013 \u0111\u1ea9y khi c\u00f3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              3.2 So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n
              \n
              \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\nLam gi\u00f3 (Passive)<\/th>\nM\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh (Active)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/td>\nTu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0169<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3<\/td>\nCh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nKh\u00e1 cao (CO\u2082, \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
              \n
              <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

              IV. THI\u1ebeT K\u1ebe HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I K\u1ebeT H\u1ee2P LAM GI\u00d3: CASE STUDY N\u1ed4I B\u1eacT<\/strong><\/h2>\n

              1. Nh\u00e0 G\u00f2 V\u1ea5p \u2013 Tropical Space (TP.HCM)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

              T\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n

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                V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/strong>: Qu\u1eadn G\u00f2 V\u1ea5p, TP.HCM<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong>: V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Tropical Space<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/strong>: 3.5 x 15m \u2013 nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh<\/strong>: G\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea5t nung, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u00f4, g\u1ed7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng lam gi\u00f3:<\/p>\n

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                • \n

                  M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 g\u1ea1ch b\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 (breeze blocks)<\/strong> d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, thay th\u1ebf cho t\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh\/m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n k\u00edn b\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  G\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t so le v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp th\u00f4ng minh<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c khe h\u00fat \u2013 \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00f3 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                  B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng gian xen k\u1ebd (buffer zones) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00fat gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/strong> v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

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                    Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong nh\u00e0 >5\u00b0C so v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00edn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                    Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    Th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c “k\u00edn ngo\u00e0i \u2013 tho\u00e1ng trong” c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    2. Nh\u00e0 Binh Th\u1ea1nh \u2013 Vo Trong Nghia Architects (TP.HCM)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                    T\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n

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                    • \n

                      V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/strong>: Qu\u1eadn B\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh, TP.HCM<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong>: V\u00f5 Tr\u1ecdng Ngh\u0129a Architects<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/strong>: 4 x 20m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng xanh, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng lam gi\u00f3:<\/p>\n

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                      • \n

                        D\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 lam b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n<\/strong> d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n c\u00e2y xanh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        Lam gi\u00f3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nghi\u00eang \u2013 l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecbp<\/strong>, gi\u00fap:<\/p>\n

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                        • \n

                          C\u1ea3n n\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          T\u1ea1o b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          T\u1ea7ng l\u1eedng + s\u00e2n trong gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cross ventilation (th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 ch\u00e9o)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

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                          • \n

                            Nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t sinh l\u00fd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u201cgreen facade\u201d + lam gi\u00f3<\/strong> bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i mini” gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Hoa gi\u00f3 trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Di s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hoa gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u2013 n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3694,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3686"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3687,"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3686\/revisions\/3687"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/htp.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}